INWQS for Class 1

The Interim Water Quality Standards for Class 1 are as follows.

Class 1 is considered a very clean water. The water need no treatment as it only need to boil as a drinking water. The supply of drinking water or any sensitive aquatic species must follow this standard to ensure it safe to use.


Ammonical Nitrogen (mg/l)- 0.1

BOD (mg/l) - 1

COD (mg/l) - 10

DO (mg/l) - 7

pH - 6.5-8.5

Colour (TCU) - 15

Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm) - 1000

Floatables -

Odour -

Salinity (o/oo) - 0.5

Taste - N

Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) - 500

Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) - 25

Temperature (oC) -

Turbidity (NTU)- 5

Faecal Caliform* (counts/100ml) -10

Total Coliform (counts/100ml) - 100

Accurate Flow Measurement in Large Pipes

The ADFM Pro20 from Teledyne Isco (USA) brings unparalleled flow measurement accuracy to large pipes and channels, delivering flow rate data within 2% of actual value, in flow depths up to 20 feet (6m). Four (4) piezoelectric ceramics in the sensor emit short pulses along narrow acoustic beams pointing in different directions to measure velocity. A fifth ceramic mounted in the center of assembly, and aimed vertically, is used to measure the depth.

Each acoustic beam measures velocity at multiple points, known as bin, in the water column. The measured velocity data each bin are very precise- to within 0.01ft/s. The distribution accurate velocity measurement is then used to determined the flow pattern over the entire cross-section flow. Since the flow pattern and measured velocity distribution are dependent to each other, the ADFM's advanced flow algorithms automatically adapt to changing hydraulic condition within the pipe. the removes the need for in-situ calibration and insures flow rate measurement over a host of different measurement environments and hydraulic condition.

The ADFM enclosure houses the signal processing, data logging, and data output electronics. The enclosure is available as NEMA 4X Box housing, suitable for wall or console mounting in permanent application, and NEMA 6P cylindrical housing for use in manholes or other 'wet' environments.

Understand EIA Requirement in Malaysia

EIA REQUIREMENT In Malaysia, anyone proposing a new development project is obligated to carry out number of procedure to evaluate the project’s effects before implementation.

First Procedure : Completion of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

If the proposed project comes under 1 of 19 of activities prescribed under the environmental quality (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 1987, the project proponent must prepare EIA report in accordance with the stipulated procedure, submit to Director General of the Department of Environment (DOE) and obtain approvals.

Second Procedure : Site Suitability Evaluation and Pre-Siting Evaluation

If the proposed project not a prescribed activity subject to EIA. This evaluation report is required to assess whether the site of the proposed factory or project is compatible with other land use in the area, particularly in regard to residential zones. Evaluation is required even in planning to site the factory in an industrial estate. The DOE carries out the evaluation by checking the development plan against environmental laws and regulation.

Understanding Environmental Consultant Job in Malaysia

I've been working as Environment Consultant in Kuala Lumpur for 5 years. I love this job very-very much. I love work outstation, do a field work, do a report writing, researching, and meet people from various government department or private agency. I am still looking for upright movement in my career...as my contract job has been terminated. Anyway here just to sharing my working experience.

An environmental consultant works on commercial or government contracts to address a variety of environmental issues for their clients. They cover a wide range of disciplines such as assessment of air, land and water contamination, environmental impact assessment, environmental audit, waste management and the development of environmental policy and environmental management systems.

A career as an environmental consultant offers the opportunity for a structured professional path with good prospects for development and the potential to specialise in an area of interest.
Typical work activities

As there is such a variety in the type of work that an environmental consultant may undertake on a day-to-day basis there is clearly a wide range of typical activities. A key task is to identify whether land, air or water is contaminated by means of desk-based research and field work, and then undertake an assessment to identify if that contaminant source can have an adverse impact on a receptor (such as humans or groundwater, for example).

Typical activities include:

* managing legislative issues for clients and maintaining an awareness of how legislation impacts projects;
* conducting field surveys: collecting data to establish a baseline condition for levels of pollution or contamination for a site or area of consideration;
* interpreting data: this can include detailed assessment of data, often using software-modelling packages to identify whether 'contamination' exists in accordance with current legislation;
* development of conceptual models: this involves identification and consideration of the potential contaminant sources, critical pathways and receptors that could potentially have an adverse impact on the immediate and wider environment;
* report writing: completion of detailed scientific reporting, written in a manner that can be understood by non-technical people;
* communicating with clients, regulators and sub-contractors e.g. analytical laboratories;
* researching previous investigations of a site to provide information to clients considering purchase; and possibly undertaking field work to identify previous activities on the site and any contamination.

Permissable for noise level at Factory and Machine

Regulation 5. Permissible exposure limit.
(1) No employee shall be exposed to noise level exceeding equivalent continuous sound level of 90 dB (A) or exceeding the limits specified in the First Schedule or exceeding the daily noise dose of unity. (2) No employee shall be exposed to noise level exceeding 115 dB (A) at any time.

Reference: FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989 PART II - PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT

Continous Toxicity Monitoring

Cymtox (UK) is wholly owned subsidiary of modern water pic. It develops and markets leading-edge water and wastewater monitoring solutions.

Online Real time Detection of toxic agents in water and wastewater monitoring of water toxicity using biosensors has become a widely accepted technique. Bacterial bio-sensors is offer simple and reproducible tests that can be automated, with reagents that can be stored. The new CTM (TM) Continuous Toxicity Monitor makes fully automatic, continuous, online testing a reality.

Certain strains of bacteria emit light when healthy, when they are exposed to toxic substances, the amount of light emitted reduces. The greater the toxicity of the sample, the lower the lights emmited. This has been shown over many years to be a reproducible effects. Measuring change in light between helaty bacteria and bacteria exposed to toxic substances will therefore indicate presence in water sample.

The CTM (TM) Continuous Toxicity Monitor automatically and simultaneously detects a broad range of toxictants including metals, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, chlorinated solvents, industrial chemicals and algal toxin. The presence of harmful contaminants in water and wastewater is detected without having to monitor for a wide range of specific chemicals.

Processing soil samples for nutrient analysis

What is soil?

Soil is the loose covering the earth's topmost surface, which is practically always active.

Downwards the soil is bordered by solid or loose rocks. towards the top it is mostly bordered by a cover of vegetation, as well as atmosphere. Where the topmost layer of soil is covered by water, lakes, rivers and oceans it is considered sediment rather than soil can be defined differently.

Term of soil catogorised according to DIN 4022

Gravel - the fraction of the soil with diameter <2mm is considered as gravel, which again is divided into coarse, medium and fine gravel.

Sand- The grain fraction between 0.063mm and 2.0mm is identified as sand, which again is differentiated into coarse, medium and fine sand.

Coarse clay or silt - Contents of the soil equivalence diameter between 0.002mm and 0.063mm are grouped in coarse, medium and fine silt. The cohosive soil layer is referred in general terms also as clay.

Clay- Elements of the soil smaller than 0.002mm are considered as clay.

Soil and nutrient

Scientifically it is proven, that all segments of gravel - the contents of the soil larger than 2mm - are not available as nutrients for plants and also do not bond nutrients. It also referred to as coarse soil. ALl soil contents with on equivalence diameter of 2mm and smaller however, deliver nutrients for the plants themselves or bind nutrients for the plants. For example in the form of added fertiliser. This type fraction is considered as fine soil


Preparing soil samples

For preparation of agricultural soil samples for the analysis of nutrients, the VDLUFA demands in the book of methods volume 1 "analysis of soils" the seperation of coarse and fine soil.

for examination of radioactivity in the environment, the pre-treatment of the sample is described in DIN ISO 18589-2 radioactivity in environment- soil part 2

Also for examination of past polluted areas, the Federal Soil Protection and Past Contaminated Area Ordinance, assumes a separation at 2mm.

Environmental Monitoring in Landfill

The impact of landfills on the local population is convinced Pollution S.r.I (Italy) to develop an analytical system for environmental pollution. Currently, surveys for environmental analysis are carried out discontinuously. Air samplers are taken at regular time intervals and canister are analysed in laboratory. As a results the absence of continuous monitoring and delayed response does not allow real time action and tracking of the pollutants.

Latest the HAPSITE GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)system provides insights on the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in environmental hazardous waste treatment and industrial hygine. On site critical information can be achieved in fast and reliable way.

The process of continuous monitoring was then performed using portable micro gas-cinematographer (Vega-CG) and multi point sampler (vega-MPS) which also produced and distributed by Pollution S.r.I

Vega MPS has a function to send in sequence to Vega-GC the samples 'sucked' at different points inside or on the neighborhood of the landfill. This system consists in a network of pipes of inert material (PTFE) and the intake air is continuously pumped in each line to ensure fresh and not diluted samples. Between sampler and analyzer a concentrator EDU-3 from Airsense Analytics (Germany) has been placed to increase the sensitivity of the monitoring systems.

Using the MC-Plan software integrated in the computer of the Vega-GC, it is possible to record the chemical composition of the sampling point at the specific sampling time and to compare the concentration of each component with the TLV level (threshold limit value). If the threshold level is exceeded on one several points, an alert massage is sent by email or to the mobile phone through a remote PC to graphically display the concentration trend during last hour in order to perform a deep analysis.